Observational learning/imitation-why is it important and what mechanisms are needed to make it work? (neuroscience)

Imitation is a complex form of social erudition. Individuals benefit vastly from social selecting. To learn a new task by copying (imitating) skilled performers is a clever way to turn away making unnecessary mistakes in order to search for the moderate solutions. It reduces the amount of time spend on learning how to crystallise a particular task or situation. It also speeds up the process of learning of motor skills and environmental affordances in the world. The cultivation obtained can then be passed on to other individuals and further generations.

As will be described in this essay experimental learning can occur in a medley of forms:

Stimulus enhancement:

This is an inbuilt structural observational learning.

House cats, for example, usually dupe and eat their prey outside their home. However, when they have young infants they take to the woods to bring back their prey. The first few times the prey is dead and then alive. This provides a framework, where pargonnts unintentionally provide opportunities for learning to take place. The young infant can watch and learn (lecture notes 2001). In this essay an example of stimulus enhancement is: The chimp mother leaving nuts and tools around for the young.

Response enhancement:

If an savage sees another conspecific forming a particular response to a situation, then this animal it is more likely to behave in the same way.



An example of Blackbirds mobbing behaviour will be given.

Imitation victorian:

Copying the demonstrator. This is particular the case in humans. When a young kidskin was put together with a chimp, it was imitating the chimps actions rather then sin versa. Also see examples of abandoned children.

Emulation:

Copying only occurs at the level of outcome of an action sequence(Tomasello 1990). Some examples are nut cracking, honey fishing, and ant dipping. Here the observer learns that...

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