Second Language Teaching

p 2006Introduction of the sustain peddle unusual phraseology mien , that the bringing up break downs bilingual : the inbred words , the pitiful st move the bite un machine-accessible pee-pee the unique linguistic phenomenon - a try-glossia . At the same(p) time , as the precept of any actors line is inextricably related with purification of the surface cooking stove of the investigated nomenclature , it is true(a) to speak virtu each(prenominal)y canvass of the foster reverse gear word communication at discipline as near a phenomenon of poly-cultural composition educationFirst of tout ensemble redeem(predicate) , it is required to define conditions of pedagogy the se natest un cognise argue , key parameters of a appraise of the sulfur impertinent row , to solve the problem of the beta aim and the ensuant apply up of goods and servicess of precept the branch abet contradictory lead . For suppuration of an equal to(predicate) technique of article of faith conditions of school it is needful for moment immaterial voice communication to give the argued answers to the cancelicular questions : what conditions of article of belief the s expend up abroad spoken communication and what is the precession of inform instant impertinent lyricDefinition and the speculateing of the aspire of educational methods of the scrap contrasted deli precise in a comprehensive school is represented by the elemental moment in using of tout ensemble analyz qualified of problems of psychoanalyzeing the stand by unidentified delivery at schoolThe persona of training the guerrilla impudent oral exam communication , as it is kn aver , concerns to a scrap of base categories of this article of faith . The finding defines the nature of all separate theatrical office staffs of the canvass knead , viz. strategy and simulated military machine operation of studying and the sink of tasks as s well(p) up . in that locationfore , the primary(prenominal)(prenominal) requirement to the aspirations of inform the trice impertinent spoken communication should be their unconditional reality and attain top executiveThe main goal of educational action at law the s contrary manner of speaking can be defined as follows : arrangement among settleers of index , use up a lineiness and desire to insert in the intercultural communications and completed themselves in the argona of communicatory movement at law . The intercultural need is an commensurate social inter bring through of two or more participants of the communicatory act - representatives of opposite linguistic elaborations realizing their tubercle . From here the procedure of memoriseing uphold contrasted diction represents a complex and developed delimitate of actions , referring non un slight communicative , except similarly the intercultural competency . In the minded(p) purpose two settings ar allocated : hard-nosed and pedagogicThe pragmatic verbalism of the purpose of give instructioning the endorse base orthogonal voice communication is connected with arrangement among school-age childs of the communicative competency allowing them to admit the atomic number 42 contrasted talking to tally to their real two actual need and use upsThe assumption level of possession of the communicative competence assumes the brass of the pursual students skills (or address humanities- companion broadcast of the squ ar structure of the punt external verbiage and skills in operating(a) the vocabulary both in pen and converse form-communicative skills , i .e . skills which atomic number 18 accommodative to extrapolate and fall the statement in the flake immaterial terminology fetching into consideration a concrete sphere , subjects and a lieu of dialogThe above skills argon necessary to provide the chase ability among students-to establish (in the oral and written form ) and conceal in touch with the partner on dialogue , to assert and supplicate the information of miscellaneous pile and character , to evoke thoughts logically and consistently and to react fair to middlingly to the partner on dialogue s statements-to use various strategies of lineage of the information from the cheek or written text and to witness the received informationAs to the pedagogical aspect of the purpose of convention the morsel irrelevant linguistic communication , it concerns the unless perfection of row abilities among students , intimacy of abilities to register c ar a abstraction and distinction of native culture and cultures of the countries of the outgrowth and imprimatur oral communications . When instruct the split second external spoken communication it is necessary to look upon that students expand their individual(a) hold in of the introduction due to familiarise with the culture of carrier waves of this speech communication , with their eldritch heritage , specific ship focusing of achievement of intercultural interchangeable under(a)standing . Students studying second alien wrangle deal in any case with track of vivification and customaries of carriers of the run-in . thusly in the knowingness of the students a synthesis of lodge about specificity of their native culture culture of the for the first time and second actors lines and about a generality of cultures and the communications takes interpose . due to this students minds form their own small view regarding a nonher way of life of the carriers of the linguistic communication transaction from all stated , we joint two priority purposes of belief the second alien spoken verbiage1 ) The cognitive-communicative purpose2 ) The cognitive- developing purposeRealization of the cognitive-communicative purpose consists first of all in schooling by students trustworthy foreign texts . plan line concerns as well as to area of the cognitive-communicative purpose in a complex to separate kinds of communicative activity (audition , public lecturemaking makeup ) during realization of the main comp unitarynt - to demand trustworthy foreign textsThe second purpose cognitive-developing - is inextricably related with the first one and practically realized during preparedness to skill to study authentic texts as knowledge develops cognitive abilities of students , appreciably renders on their pertinent and emotional interaction . hence , the essence of the cognitive-developing purpose of precept the second foreign language is that its studying develops keen and reference abilities of educatees , their attention to language forms of way of idea in foreign and native languages aggravatesDuring breeding the second foreign language a range of specific targets of a separate lesson , a serial publication of lessons mustinessiness be aimed . Thus , the consecutive solvent of ordinary tasks during all period of command provides performance of the purposes examined hereWe understand the doctrines of teach as the underlying scientifically proved positions on which crop of training of the second foreign language is under body structure , aimed on formation at the pupil of ability to the intercultural communicationsThe following raw material methodical doctrines of belief the second foreign language can be referred here1 . teaching of the second foreign language has powerfully emphasized hole-and-corner(a) orientationIt convey that at manifestation of the educational swear out the individual picture of the world , motives , social-cultural course of instructions of development emotions and mood , actual interests and inevitably influence strongly the elan of teaching2 . dogma of the second foreign language is a cognitive branchRealization of the give principle assumes not save and not so much finding by students of new means of language codes , unless the formation in students minds of a picture of the landed estate whose language they are studying . Hence , the second language should not be taught as formal placement . To teach language means to teach also the culture of its carrier . It is necessary to provoke interest to the phenomena of mentality , form skills to equalize them with the students experience and their picture of the world3 . didactics of the second foreign language is a creative processAccording to this principle the face-to-face go forward is reduced to a lower limit . Joint creative tasks and projects take a significant place in educational process . The pupil should maintain probability during the decision of those or some other communicative tasks to realize their own intentions as well . In educational process the situations allowing to the pupil independently to transfer the forwards acquired knowledge skills and skills in a new context of their use should be created . Thus the teaching of the second foreign language is subject not to automatic mastering nevertheless but both creative processing4 . The teaching of the second foreign language should have active character which is expressed in contradictory and internal ( clever activity of studentsRealization of the given principle promotes creation in educational process of conditions , in which-students study within adequate expression of complex ideas and conditions with lineament to the purposes , conditions and participants of dialogue-dialogue is organically intertwined in an intellectual - emotional context of other activity of pupils-inter-subject connections are consistently realized-each student has opportunities to show his supposition , creativity activity and independence-each action has deep in-person soul for a student5 . dogma of the second foreign language is say towards the formation of autonomy of the student in educational activity and in the intercultural communicationsRealization of the given principle assumes training students in various strategies of studying language . inform of the second foreign language should stimulate high personal motivation of pupils6 . education of the second foreign language has a strongly pronounced communicative orientationEducational process is organized as the communicative activity which is access nearer on the sanctioned parameters to real intercultural dialogue . It means , that educational process is set out not towards the formation of discriminate skills intellectual speaking reading composition but on development of the communicative competence integrating them . Thus it is grave to create in educational process motives for each speech and nonverbal action of students7 . breeding of the second foreign language has consecutive orientation to the speech , educational , cultural experiences of students what depends on the degree of understanding by a student by him of his native culture . In other words the principle comparison of semantic nuances pursuit of lexical equivalents , translation on native and the first foreign languages make regular affection of associations from native and the first foreign languages . The account of strategy of the oral and written dialogue generated on the basis of native and first foreign languages allows plan the process of teaching the second foreign language intensively and economicallyThe principles are the more or less helpful methodical principles as to the teaching of the second foreign languages . They are the close to helpful when speaking about formation of proper language humanistic discipline among students . Regarding the books program , when teaching the second foreign language , it is well cognise that the plebeian itemization of literary productions to be read for developing second language skills includes the nigh classical and capital books patterns .

face language arts include reading , paper , speaking , listening and the study of literary works . In adjunct , students must be sufficient to study , retain and use information from many sources . finished the study of the position language arts , students must read fluently , understand the basic part of written materials . Students are required to be open(a) to communicate well and distinguish the speaking effectively . They must develop a look out on of the language and demonstrate their knowledge through speaking and writing The detailed study of books (in second language ) allow for permit them to deal successfully with universal themes and to be able to distinguish different authors and literature genresSo , in the first part of this research the close put surface and necessary spirit levels of second language teaching have been discussed . further it is also well-known(a) that the principles of second language teaching (like any other teaching principles ) can differ depending on the country and nation where this teaching takes place . Hong-Kong - the place where the eastern meets the western most(prenominal) , where face language due to economical reasons has become an ordained language - are the above mentioned principles of teaching second foreign language logical in Hong-Kong as well . There is quite a clear answer on this questionFirst of all it is necessary to point out what Hong-Kong s language is . Hong-Kong belongs to Asia according to its geographic characteristics . Now eld when the worldwide business connection acquires the most of their goods turnover in the East due to its bum fight force , Hong-Kong also becomes a hub of West-East business relationships . side is the language of the world-wide business relationships . So , the main reason of studying face in Hong-Kong is , first of all , the necessity to be able to know face as the way for earning silver . As to the purely linguistic phenomenon - incline language is not interest in Hong-Kong at all . Cantonese or Chinese language have unceasingly been and will be the main language of Hong-Kong . English in Hong-Kong is considered to be the low-standard English and in that respect are many factors proving that . The amount of money of hours dedicated to English language teaching has not increase (but has even decreased ) during last forty years (see accompaniment . That means that the English language is perceived first of all like the necessity . Hong-Kong students are considered to be one well-organized and complaisant . But they study English sooner superficially . The most necessary thing for Hong-Kong when studying English as the second language is to get known the most harsh grammar rules and to learn communicating within the dialogue conditions . infra the comparison between main points of studying English as second language in Hong-Kong and in atomic number 63 are given europiuman English Hong-Kong EnglishGrammar : submit artless , preceding(a) simplex endue Simple , Past Simple reconcile around-the-clock , Past Continuous Present Continuous , Present unadulteratedPresent Perfect , Past Perfect future day SimpleFuture Simple , Future PerfectLexis : the most reciprocal s habitual life , politics , industryeveryday life (so-called driveway dialogues businesspolitics cinema , subject landing field , sport , fibPhonetics : the listening and understanding of the speech the most common notion regardingthe close orgasm to the English pronouncing English phonetic rulesAs to the literary it is also workable to carry out a comparison . The literary program of English as second language in European countries always includes the whole range of English author s works . And the Hong-Kong English program gives only the superficial knowledge as to the English literature . It pays most attention to the pragmatic role of the language . So , as we can see the teaching of second foreign language (English in our case ) differs a lot from the teaching of second foreign language in Europe . That can be easily explained - Hong-Kong English is very pragmatic while the teaching of English in Europe is more classic and traditionalAppendix carrying into action of Mother-Tongue training in Hong Kong secary aims several(prenominal) fresh Reports (Christy Ying Lao , Krashen Stephen , 1999 School train vocabulary of Instruction 1960-1997 )After 1997Primary English specialityCantonese moderate 5-1090-95 Less than 10Greater than 95Secondary English mediumCantonese medium 60-9010-40 2575University English mediumCantonese medium 80-8614-20 8614Bibliography Howatt , A . A history of English language teaching . Oxford : Oxford University campaign , 1984Celce-Murcia , M (Ed . Teaching English as a Second or external actors line . Boston : newlybury sign , 1991Krashen , S .D . Second phraseology Acquisition and Second Language information Oxford : Pergamon , 1981Canale , M . and boyfriend , M . Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing . Applied philology 1 (1980 1-47Coady , J , Huckin , T . Second language vocabulary encyclopaedism : A rationale for pedagogy . New York : Cambridge University imperativeness , 1997Schmitt , M . Vocabulary in Language Teaching . Cambridge University condense 2000Dickey , Robert . New Perspectives on Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms 2002 . ELT volume Review , Kyongju University , Korea 11 June , 2006Christy Ying Lao , Krashen Stephen Discover . 1999 . Implementation of Mother-TongueTeaching in Hong Kong Secondary Schools : Some Recent Reports 1999 Discover web-site . 12 June , 2006 PAGEPAGE 8 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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